3. Read the text and answer the questions.

 What is a Personal Computer?

 Personal computers (PC) are small, relatively inexpensive computers for an individual user. Their price can be from a few hundred dollars to thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology that enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Personal com­puters are used in business for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games. Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most   popular   personal   computers   was   the   Apple   II,   made   in   1977   by   Apple Computer. Then, in 1981, IBM (International Business Machines) made its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM PC quickly became the most popular personal computer.

 

What is a Software?

Computer   programs   are   called   software.   Software   is   instructions   for hardware (the machines) to do work. Software is often divided into two categories: Systems software: the operating system and all the utilities that enable the computer to function. Applications software: programs that do real work for users. For ex­ample, word processors, spreadsheet programmes, and games are appli­cations software. What is a Hardware? Hardware are computer components that you can touch, like disks, disk drives, monitors, keyboards, printers, boards, and chips. But you cannot touch software. Software exists as ideas, concepts, and symbols. A computer without software is dead — you need software to make the computer work. What are Peripheral Devices? Peripheral   devices   are   computer   devices,   such   as   a   CD­ROM   drive   or printer. Peripheral devices can be external, such as a mouse, keyboard, printer, monitor, and scanner. Peripheral devices can be internal, such as a CD­ROM drive or internal modem.

 

Questions:

1. What is a personal computer? 

2. What are personal computers used for? 

3. What were the first models of PC? 

4. What are computer programs called? 

5. What is hardware?

 

Vocabulary     

individual — индивидуальный, личный   

user — пользователь 

microprocessor = chip — микропроцессор  

CPU (central processing unit) — центральный процессор 

word processing — электронная обработка текста  

desktop publishing — настольные издательские средства  

software — компьютерные программы, программное обеспечение 

instructions — команды hardware — оборудование, «железо» 

 systems software — системное программное обеспечение  

applications software — прикладные программы  

utility — обслуживающая программа, утилита  

word   processor   —   текстовой   процессор   (программа   подготовки   и редактирования текста) 

spreadsheet — программа, работающая с таблицами  

disk drive — дисковод  monitor — монитор printer — принтер  

board — плата chip — процессор, микросхема  

peripheral device — периферийное устройство  

CD­ROM drive — дисковод для компакт­-дисков  internal modem — встроенный модем.

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